The adaptive consequences of pride in personal selling

This study examines the adaptive consequences of pride in personal selling and its self-regulation with colleagues and customers. Study 1 investigates the effects of experiencing pride, where two benefits were found. First, pride increases salespersons’ performance-related motivations. Specifically, it promotes the use of adaptive selling strategies, greater effort, and self-efficacy. Second, pride positively affects organizational citizenship behaviors. Study 2 takes an emotion-process point of view and compares excessive pride (hubris) with positive pride. The results show that salespeople are capable of self-regulating the expression of these emotions differently toward colleagues and customers via anticipated feelings of fear, shame, and regret. Salespeople, in other words, are affected by their emotions, but they also are capable of controlling them to their advantage. Willem Verbeke (verbeke@few.eur.nl) is a chaired professor of sales and account management at Erasmus University in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. His research has appeared in a number of academic journals, including theJournal of Marketing, theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theJournal of Management, theJournal of Organizational Behavior, and theJournal of Applied Psychology. His area of research interests includes personal selling, sales management, emotions and emotion regulation, social capital, and knowledge management. Frank Belschak (belschak@few.eur.nl) is an assistant professor of marketing and organizational behavior at Erasmus University in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He received his Ph.D. in organizational behavior from the University of Cologne in Germany. His current research interests include emotions and emotion regulation in organizations and across cultures, as well as social capital and networks. Richard P. Bagozzi (bagozzi@rice.edu) is the J. Hugh Liedtke Professor of Management in the Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Management and a professor of psychology at Rice University in Houston, Texas. He conducts research on human emotions, the theory of action, goal setting and goal striving, and structural equation methods.     

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与西方商业银行发展迅速的个人理财业务相比，我国商业银行这项业务的发展明显落后，且差距很大。面对当今我国商业银行传统业务风险日趋增大，存贷款利差日趋缩小、外资银行步步进逼的新形势，我国商业银行应当深刻反思其发展滞后的原因，提出切实可行的发展对策。     

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实行农村义务教育经费最低财政拨款标准研究

论文以重庆市铜梁、永川、垫江、石柱、丰都五县为例,对重庆市县级农村义务教育经费最低财政拨款标准进行了定性和定量分析,从财政支出结构角度分析其可行性.认为,建立并实行"最低标准"是构建重庆和谐社会的需要.     

我国财政支出结构的优化问题研究

当前,我国正处在经济高速发展的快车道,市场经济体系逐步成熟和完善起来,市场逐步放开,市场化程度日益提高.而财政作为国家调控经济的最主要手段,尤其是财政支出方面对整个社会阶层都产生敏感而切身的利益影响.对此,运用实证分析和对比分析等方法针对我国当前财政支出结构的扭曲状况,才能进一步提出优化对策.     

西部地区大开发前后财政支出比较研究

西部大开发实施五年多来,西部地区财政支出规模、结构都发生了变化.通过比较分析西部大开发财政支出规模、结构的变化及其对西部地区经济、社会发展的影响后发现,从财政支出规模看,中央不断加大对西部的财力扶持,显著提高了西部地方政府财政支出规模;从支出结构看,基本建设、科技投入、文教事业费和行政管理费在绝对量上都有所增长,但其比重却呈现下降趋势;财政支出规模结构的变化,一方面推动地区经济发展,提高人民生活水平,另一方面加深了社会不公.基于上述分析,文章探析了今后西部财政支出的变化趋势.     

个人主动性:21世纪的新型工作模式

当前，对组织中雇员积极行为的研究，是人力资源管理领域的一个新的潮流。而个人主动性作为一种积极的工作模式，正是其中的一个焦点。本文系统地介绍了个人主动性的内涵、维度（自发性、前瞻性和克服困难）及其行动系列。在此基础上，本文探讨了个人主动性对于个人、组织绩效的重要意义，并提出了提升个人主动性的有效策略。